The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) (French: Aviation Royale Canadienne ), formerly Canadian Forces Air Command, is one of three environmental commands of the Canadian Forces.

The Royal Canadian Air Force is responsible for all aircraft operations in the Canadian Forces, enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft to support the missions of Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Army. The RCAF is a partner with the United States Air Force in protecting continental airspace under the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD). The RCAF also provides all primary air resources to the National Search and Rescue Program.

The RCAF, as an independent service (to 1968), developed from the Canadian Air Force (CAF), which was formed in 1920. The CAF was incorporated into the Department of National Defence in 1923 and granted royal sanction in 1924 by King George V.

In 1968, the RCAF was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army as part of the unification of the Canadian Forces to form the Canadian Armed Forces. Air units in the new Canadian Forces were split into several different commands: Air Defence Command (interceptors), Air Transport Command (airlift, search and rescue), Force Mobile Command (tactical fighters, helicopters), Maritime Command (anti-submarine warfare, maritime patrol), as well as Training Command.

In 1975, all air units were merged and some commands dissolved (ADC, ATC, TC) and placed under a new environmental command called simply Air Command (AIRCOM). Air Command was renamed 'Royal Canadian Air Force' in August 2011.

The Royal Canadian Air Force has served in the Second World War, the Korean War, the First Gulf War and several United Nations peacekeeping missions and NATO operations. The force has also maintained a presence in Europe through the second half of the 20th century.